Similipal National Park

– Odisha’s Crown Jewel of Forests, Waterfalls, Tigers and Tribal Heritage

Similipal National Park, located in the Mayurbhanj district of northern Odisha, stands as one of India’s most spectacular biodiversity reserves. Spanning an expansive area of more than 2,750 square kilometres, it forms part of the UNESCO-recognised Similipal Biosphere Reserve. With its dense sal forests, gently rolling hills, spectacular waterfalls, diverse wildlife, sacred groves and ancient tribal settlements, Similipal is a world where nature thrives in its purest form.

The name “Similipal” comes from the red silk cotton tree locally known as Simul, which blooms vividly across the landscape. Once the royal hunting ground of the Mayurbhanj kings, it has now evolved into a vital conservation landscape protecting tigers, elephants, orchids, birds and countless plant species. For eco-tourists, wildlife photographers, researchers and forest lovers, Similipal is a treasure house of India’s ecological heritage.

Geography, Landscape and Ecological Significance

Similipal lies within the Chota Nagpur Plateau, surrounded by ranges of low hills intertwined with deep valleys. The terrain varies dramatically—from moist deciduous forests to tropical semi-evergreen woodland and grasslands. The region’s numerous streams converge into large rivers that eventually join the Budhabalanga River.

This intricate topography, combined with a monsoon-driven climate, gives rise to a habitat rich in flora and fauna. The biosphere reserve also includes two nearby sanctuaries—Hadgarh Wildlife Sanctuary and Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary—together forming an extensive migratory corridor for elephants and other species.

Flora and Fauna of Similipal National Park

Similipal is among the most biologically diverse protected areas in India, harbouring thousands of plant and animal species.

Flora

The forest vegetation includes:

• Extensive sal (Shorea robusta) forests
• Moist mixed deciduous trees
• Semi-evergreen patches around river valleys
• Medicinal plants and endemic shrubs
• Over 94 species of orchids, including the rare and beautiful Lady’s Slipper Orchid

Bamboo groves, grasslands and creepers add variety to the landscape, offering nourishment and shelter for wildlife.

Fauna

Similipal is famous for its wildlife diversity. Species include:

• Tigers: including the rare melanistic (black) tigers
• Leopards
• Elephants (one of the highest elephant populations in eastern India)
• Gaurs (Indian bison)
• Sambar and chital deer
• Giant squirrels
• Barking deer
• Wild boar

Similipal is also a paradise for bird lovers, home to more than 230 species including:

• Indian hornbill
• Crested serpent eagle
• Peafowl
• Hill myna
• Asian paradise flycatcher

The rivers and streams support reptiles like crocodiles, monitor lizards and various species of freshwater turtles.

Major Attractions Inside Similipal National Park

Similipal offers a stunning combination of natural beauty, wildlife experiences, sacred spots and waterfalls.

1. Barehipani Waterfall

Barehipani is one of India’s tallest waterfalls, plunging over 400 metres in two magnificent tiers into a deep gorge. Surrounded by thick forest and steep cliffs, it is one of the most photographed wonders of Similipal.

2. Joranda Waterfall

Joranda Falls drops straight down a single narrow cliff into a dark pool below. It is visually striking due to its sheer vertical fall and uninterrupted water stream.

3. Chahala

Chahala is a traditional wildlife viewing point famous for elephant, deer and peafowl sightings. During early mornings and late evenings, animals often gather around the saltlicks in this area.

4. Barehipani–Joranda Forest Drive

The scenic drive between the two waterfalls passes through deep forests, hilly terrain and open meadows, offering countless wildlife observation opportunities.

5. Nawana Valley

The Nawana region presents panoramic valleys, meandering streams and jungle tracks that are ideal for photography and birdwatching.

6. Lulung

Lulung on the eastern edge of Similipal marks the entry point through a beautiful riverbank. Its rocky riverbed, crystal-clear water and surrounding hills create an idyllic introduction to the forest landscape.

7. Tribal Settlements

Similipal is home to several tribal communities including the Khadia, Mankidia and Santhal tribes. Their culture, traditional forest-based lifestyle and handicrafts form a vital part of the biosphere’s identity.

8. Mugger Crocodile Conservation Programme

Similipal plays a key role in conserving the mugger crocodile. Certain riverbanks provide safe breeding habitats, offering an excellent opportunity to learn about crocodilian conservation.

Safari Zones and Entry Gates

Similipal has designated safari routes and entry points.

Kaliani Gate

Located near Jashipur, this is the most common entry gate for visitors exploring Barehipani, Joranda and Chahala.

Pithabata Gate

Located near Baripada, it is another main gate offering access to core zones and scenic forest drives.

Lulung Entrance

The picturesque entry point from the eastern side, ideal for eco-resort stays.

Major Distances to Similipal National Park

• Baripada to Pithabata Gate: 20–25 km
• Jashipur to Kaliani Gate: 10–12 km
• Kolkata to Baripada: 230–240 km
• Bhubaneswar to Baripada: 250–270 km
• Cuttack to Baripada: 230 km
• Baleswar to Baripada: 60–70 km

How to Reach Similipal National Park

Similipal is well connected by road and rail, though internal travel is fully controlled by forest authorities.

By Air

The nearest airports are:

• Bhubaneswar Airport (approx. 250–270 km)
• Kolkata Airport (approx. 240 km to Baripada by road)

Private taxis and pre-booked vehicles can be used for onward travel.

By Rail

The nearest railway stations include:

• Baripada – closest for Pithabata access
• Baleswar – well-connected to major Indian cities
• Jashipur (nearest major station: Tata Nagar)

By Road

Similipal is accessible via:

• Bhubaneswar → Cuttack → Baleswar → Baripada → Similipal
• Kolkata → Kharagpur → Baleswar → Baripada → Similipal
• Jashipur → Kaliani Gate

The entire region is connected by well-maintained highways.

Staying Options Inside and Around Similipal

Eco-friendly accommodation options include:

• Forest Rest Houses run by forest authorities
• Eco-cottages at Lulung, Barehipani and Jamuani
• Jungle Stay Resorts outside the core zone
• Nature Lodges near Baripada and Jashipur

Properties respect environmental guidelines and offer:

• Nature trails
• Local cuisine
• Guided safaris
• Tribal cultural interactions

Best Time to Visit Similipal National Park

Winter (November to February)

The most pleasant time for wildlife safaris. The weather is cool, visibility is excellent and waterfalls flow beautifully after monsoon.

Post-Monsoon (October to November)

Forests are lush, streams flow vigorously and the entire landscape looks extraordinarily vibrant.

Summer (March to June)

Good for wildlife sightings as animals gather near water bodies, but daytime heat can be intense.

Activities and Experiences in Similipal

• Jungle safaris through core forest zones
• Waterfall excursions to Joranda and Barehipani
• Birdwatching with professional guides
• Nature photography of landscapes and wildlife
• Tribal village visits for cultural understanding
• Stargazing nights at eco-camps

Suggested Itinerary for Similipal National Park

2-Day Trip

• Day 1: Enter via Pithabata → Barehipani Waterfall → Joranda → Chahala
• Day 2: Morning safari → Birdwatching → Exit through Kaliani Gate

3-Day Eco-Wildlife Tour

• Day 1: Entry → Forest drive → Sunset at Chahala
• Day 2: Waterfall circuit → Tiger Reserve zones → Eco-night walk
• Day 3: Tribal village visit → Riverbank relaxation → Departure

Responsible Tourism Guidelines

• Do not litter inside the forest or near waterfalls.
• Avoid loud music, noise and disruptive behaviour.
• Follow forest guide instructions strictly.
• Do not feed wildlife or approach animals.
• Support local communities by purchasing handicrafts responsibly.

Conclusion – The Pristine Wilderness of Odisha

Similipal National Park is one of India’s most majestic and ecologically rich forests—a place where rivers flow through deep gorges, waterfalls plunge from dramatic cliffs, elephants roam freely, tigers leave unseen trails, orchids bloom in secret patches and tribal cultures preserve ancient wisdom. Every part of Similipal whispers stories of nature’s resilience and beauty.

For travellers seeking unspoiled landscapes, wildlife adventures, forest silence and a glimpse of Odisha’s living tribal heritage, Similipal is an unforgettable destination. It is not just a national park—it is a realm of life, harmony and natural splendour that leaves a lasting imprint on every visitor.